Indonesia’s progress towards a sustainable future depends heavily on the crucial role of carbon capture technology in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Adopting carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology is essential to capture CO2 from power plants, compress it, transport it, and store it permanently (D’Alessandro et al., 2010). Integrating carbon capture technology into existing biomass power plants in Indonesia can lead to a considerable annual reduction of up to 2.2 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent. Would substantially contribute to efforts to reduce emissions (Sutrisno et al., 2021). Moreover, CCS is widely acknowledged as a crucial technology for almost zero emissions, underscoring its importance in the shift towards a sustainable and ecologically sound future (Li & Qin, 2021). The study by Rubin et al. (2015) emphasizes the cost-effectiveness of CO2 capture and storage technology. Projections suggest that by 2050, costs can be reduced by combining capacity expansion with global growth scenarios and climate policy actions. Research is being conducted to improve carbon capture technologies by investigating different absorbents such as NaOH and Na2CO3. It highlights the significance of developing practical, secure, eco-friendly approaches for capturing and storing carbon dioxide (Dinul et al., 2023).
Furthermore, life-cycle studies of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies emphasize their essential importance as solutions for reducing carbon emissions and advancing the green economy (Chelvam & Hanafiah, 2023). The possible combination of waste-to-energy (WtE) with carbon mineralization technology offers a chance to tackle financial difficulties in Indonesia while promoting ways for capturing and utilizing carbon (Wicaksono, 2023). Furthermore, establishing renewable energy-powered facilities in Indonesia serves the dual purpose of attaining energy self-sufficiency and aiding in mitigating climate change. Moreover, it is accomplished by augmenting the proportion of renewable energy sources in the overall energy composition (Dewi et al., 2021).
Nevertheless, implementing CCS technology in Indonesia faces numerous obstacles. The widespread adoption of CCS technology is impeded by the considerable hurdle of public acceptance, as stated by Osazuwa-Peters and Hurlbert (2020). Although the significance of CCS in mitigating CO2 emissions is well recognized, the actual implementation of CCS has yet to meet anticipated levels, presenting a hurdle to its successful adoption (Isogai et al., 2022). Evaluating CCS expenses and impediments underscores the intricacies and challenges that must be resolved for the effective execution of CCS (Budinis et al., 2018). Furthermore, the assessment of CCS development in Indonesia offers valuable information regarding the present advancements and obstacles encountered in incorporating CCS technology into the nation’s energy framework (Best et al., 2011). Various obstacles must be overcome, including exorbitant expenses, sufficient infrastructure requirements, and legislation needing complete backing. However, the potential advantages presented by this technology are immense, particularly in Indonesia’s endeavors to achieve the emission reduction goals established in the Paris Agreement. CCS technology is crucial for Indonesia due to its heavy dependence on fossil fuels, particularly coal, to fulfill its energy requirements. Although there have been endeavors to enhance the utilization of sustainable energy sources, this shift can only be accomplished after some time. Thus, CCS can serve as a viable interim measure to mitigate carbon emissions while concurrently transitioning to cleaner energy sources. Furthermore, implementing CCS technology in Indonesia can aid in fulfilling its pledge to decrease greenhouse gas emissions by 29% by 2030 through domestic efforts and potentially up to 41% with support from the international community. The adoption of CCS technology in Indonesia’s energy and industrial sectors would play a crucial role in attaining the targets for reducing CO2 emissions, considering that these sectors are the primary contributors to such emissions in the country. Nevertheless, to actualize this potential, Indonesia must undertake tangible measures. Initially, governments must formulate policies and regulations that facilitate the adoption and execution of CCS technology. It encompasses offering firms incentives to adopt this technology and establishing rigorous safety regulations to guarantee secure CO2 storage.
Investing in CCS technology in Indonesia requires a complex decision-making process influenced by multiple factors. Assessing the economic viability of CCS projects is a critical factor to consider. Research has demonstrated that combining bio-energy with CCS is crucial to reaching low stability goals for CO2 emissions, as Edenhofer et al. (2010) stated. It is crucial to carefully evaluate the initial expenses and financial consequences of adopting CCS technology, particularly in bioenergy with CCS (BECCS), to guarantee both cost-efficiency and sustainability (Muratori et al., 2016). Utilizing CCS technologies offers significant benefits, such as large reductions in carbon emissions and the possibility of achieving net negative carbon emissions through BECCS. These advantages emphasize The importance of assessing these investments’ worldwide economic effects (Muratori et al., 2016). In addition, implementing suitable CCS technologies can significantly reduce carbon emissions produced by processes such as coal-biomass to liquids (CBTL) facilities. It highlights the importance of CCS in promoting environmental sustainability (Jiang & Bhattacharyya, 2014; Jiang & Bhattacharyya, 2016). Understanding the technological and economic consequences of deploying CCS is crucial from an investment perspective. Objective options analysis can aid in decision-making about complete or partial CCS retrofits, considering uncertainties in electricity, CO2, and coal costs (Heydari et al., 2010). Furthermore, assessing emissions trading systems and the operational adaptability of CCS technology can influence the crucial carbon price required to sustain investments in CCS (Mo et al., 2015). Ensuring stakeholder satisfaction, enhancing public knowledge, and effectively handling environmental challenges are essential for the successful execution of CCS in developing countries such as Indonesia (Yusgiantoro et al., 2023).
Moreover, the need to make timely investments in CCS power plants to accomplish substantial carbon mitigation objectives and guarantee a sustainable energy future is underscored by the repercussions of delayed CCS deployment (Carrara, 2019). There is a need to expand investment in the infrastructure required for CCS. It encompasses the establishment of CO2 capture infrastructure in industrial facilities and power plants, together with the creation of pipeline networks for the transportation of CO2 to secure storage sites (Yusgiantoro et al., 2022). Collaboration with other nations and international institutions can also be beneficial in terms of financial support and the exchange of technological advancements. There is a need to enhance CCS technology research and development (R&D) efforts. It entails the advancement of more effective and cost-effective techniques for capturing CO2, as well as investigating the possible utilization of captured CO2 for other industrial applications, such as in the manufacturing of chemicals or construction materials. Collaboration between governments, academia, and business is crucial to assure the ongoing development and cost-effectiveness of CCS technology. Enhancing public consciousness regarding the advantages and significance of CCS technologies is crucial. Education and awareness campaigns can enhance public endorsement of these technologies while fostering the active engagement of diverse stakeholders in mitigating carbon emissions. Furthermore, Indonesia should also seek insights from nations that have effectively deployed CCS technology. As an illustration, Norway has implemented CCS projects in Sleipner and Snøhvit, whereas Canada has a CCS project in Boundary Dam. Insights gained from these countries can offer significant knowledge about the difficulties and remedies involved in implementing CCS technologies. Although CCS technology holds significant promise, it is crucial to acknowledge that it is not the sole remedy for mitigating climate change. CCS should be regarded as an integral component of a comprehensive approach to decreasing carbon emissions, encompassing enhanced energy efficiency, advancing renewable energy, and shifting public behavior towards a more sustainable way of life.
CCS technologies are vital for Indonesia’s comprehensive goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and building a more environmentally friendly and sustainable future. However, the successful application of these technologies depends on a comprehensive approach that includes strong policy backing, significant investment in infrastructure and research and development (R&D), and increased public awareness. Moreover, legislative support can be provided through subsidies or tax incentives to corporations investing in CCS infrastructure. Financial incentives can mitigate the substantial upfront expenses linked to CCS projects, enhancing their appeal to private investors. In addition, strict emission reduction goals can incentivize sectors to actively pursue CCS as a feasible method to meet regulatory requirements. Public awareness campaigns can effectively cultivate support for CCS projects and mitigate opposition from areas where CCS infrastructure may be implemented. A favorable attitude towards these technologies can be cultivated by actively involving local communities, resolving their concerns, and emphasizing the enduring environmental and economic advantages of CCS. Indonesia has set lofty goals for reducing emissions, and reaching these goals necessitates implementing several solutions, with CCS playing a crucial role. The nation has pledged to decrease its emissions of greenhouse gases by 29% by 2030 through its endeavors and by as much as 41% with assistance from the international community. CCS can substantially impact achieving these goals by capturing emissions from major sectors, including electricity generation, cement manufacture, and petrochemical industries, which are essential contributors to the country’s CO2 emissions.
The realization of Indonesia’s environmentally sustainable future relies not only on adopting CCS technology but also on integrating many complementary strategies. Renewable energy development, energy efficiency enhancements, reforestation, and sustainable agriculture are all vital elements of a complete approach to long-term sustainability. CCS can enhance these endeavors by tackling emissions that are challenging to eradicate through alternative methods. Renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and geothermal power are crucial for decreasing emissions in the power sector. However, CCS can absorb emissions from current power plants that rely on fossil fuels. This strategy enables a more seamless shift towards a low-carbon economy by reducing emissions from existing infrastructure while simultaneously expanding the capacity of renewable energy sources. Indonesia can derive substantial economic advantages by investing in CCS technologies. CCS initiatives can generate employment opportunities in construction, engineering, and research and development. In addition, Indonesia may enhance its economy by establishing itself as a frontrunner in CCS, attracting foreign investment, and fostering international cooperation. From an environmental perspective, CCS can significantly safeguard Indonesia’s abundant biodiversity and valuable natural resources. CCS, by decreasing greenhouse gas emissions, aids in mitigating climate change, which presents a substantial peril to Indonesia’s ecosystems. Preserving the different and unique habitats in the country is crucial for maintaining biodiversity and supporting the livelihoods of local communities.
In conclusion, CCS technologies are crucial for Indonesia’s comprehensive goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and building a more environmentally friendly and sustainable future. However, the successful application of these technologies depends on a comprehensive approach that includes strong policy backing, significant investment in infrastructure and research and development (R&D), and increased public awareness. Additionally, policy support can be provided through subsidies or tax incentives to encourage corporations to invest in CCS infrastructure. Financial incentives can help to counterbalance the substantial upfront expenses linked to CCS projects, thereby increasing their appeal to private investors. In addition, setting strict emission reduction goals can incentivize sectors to actively pursue CCS as a feasible method to meet regulatory requirements. Public awareness campaigns can effectively garner support for CCS projects and mitigate opposition from communities in which CCS infrastructure may be implemented. A favorable attitude towards these technologies can be cultivated by actively involving local communities, resolving their concerns, and emphasizing the enduring environmental and economic advantages of CCS. Indonesia has set lofty goals for reducing emissions, and reaching these goals necessitates implementing several solutions, with CCS playing a crucial role. The nation has pledged to decrease its greenhouse gas emissions by 29% by 2030 through domestic initiatives and perhaps by up to 41% with assistance from the international community. CCS and storage (CCS) can substantially impact achieving these goals by capturing emissions from major sectors, including electricity generation, cement manufacture, and petrochemical industries, which are essential contributors to the country’s CO2 emissions.
The success of Indonesia’s environmentally sustainable future relies not only on the adoption of CCS technology but also on the integration of many complementary strategies. Renewable energy development, energy efficiency enhancements, reforestation, and sustainable agriculture are all vital elements of a complete approach to long-term sustainability. CCS can enhance these endeavors by tackling emissions that are challenging to eradicate through alternative methods. Renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and geothermal power are crucial in decreasing emissions from the power sector. However, CCS can absorb emissions from current power plants that rely on fossil fuels. This strategy enables a more seamless shift towards a low-carbon economy by reducing emissions from existing infrastructure while simultaneously increasing the capacity of renewable energy sources. Indonesia can derive substantial economic advantages from investing in CCS technologies. CCS initiatives have the potential to generate employment opportunities in the fields of construction, engineering, and research and development. In addition, Indonesia may enhance its economy by presenting itself as a frontrunner in CCS, attracting international investment, and fostering collaboration. CCS can have a vital impact on safeguarding Indonesia’s abundant biodiversity and natural resources from an environmental standpoint. CCS, by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, aids in mitigating climate change, which presents a substantial peril to Indonesia’s ecosystems. Preserving the different and unique habitats in the country is crucial for upholding biodiversity and sustaining the lives of local communities.
